|
Operating model is an abstract and ideally visual representation (model) of how an organization delivers value to its customers or beneficiaries. There are different ways of defining the elements that make up an operating model. People, process and technology is one commonly used definition.〔http://www.boozallen.com/media/file/People-Process-Technology-Enterprise2.pdf〕 Process, organization and technology is another 〔Marne de Vries, Alta van der Merwe, Paula Kotze and Aurona Gerber. (2011) A Method for Identifying Process Reuse Opportunities to Enhance the Operating Model. 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management〕 Andrew Campbell of Ashridge Business School refers to five elements: Process; Information systems; Locations and buildings; Organization and people; and Suppliers and business partners;〔http://www.ashridge.org.uk/dom〕 An organization is a complex system for delivering value. An operating model breaks this system into components, showing how it works. It can help different participants understand the whole. It can help those making changes check that they have thought through all elements and that the whole will still work. It can help those transforming an operation coordinate all the different changes that need to happen. An operating model is like the blueprint for a building. It is more dynamic than a building blueprint, with changes occurring regularly. Also, an operating model is not usually just one blueprint. There are likely to be blueprints for each element: processes, organisation structure, decision making, software applications, locations and so on. There are also likely to be some integrating blueprints. An operating model can describe the way an organization does business today - the "as is". It can also communicate the vision of how an operation will work in the future - the "to be". In this context it is often referred to as the Target Operating Model. Most typically, an operating model is a living set of documents that are continually changing, like an organization chart. If an operating model describes how an organization delivers value, it is a subset of the larger concept 'business model'. A ''business model'' describes how an organization creates, delivers and captures value and sustains itself in the process. An operating model focuses on the delivery element of the business model. But there are plenty of disagreements about the use of the words business model and operating model.,〔Amit, Raphael and Zott, Christopher "Creating value through business model innovation", MITSloan Management Review, Spring 2012〕〔Zott Christopher, Amit Raphael and Massa Lorenzo, "The Business Model: Recent developments and future research", Journal of Management May 2011〕〔http://www.ashridgeonoperatingmodels.com〕 The term operating model may have been first used in corporate-level strategy (see History below) to describe the way in which an organization is structured into business divisions, what activities are centralized or decentralized and how much integration is required across business divisions. But, the term is most commonly used today when referring to the way a single business division or single function operates, as in 'the operating model of the exploration division' or 'the operating model of the HR function'. It can also be used at a much more micro level to describe how a department within a function works or how a factory is laid out. In the section below titled Business/IT Dialogue, this article explores one framework for thinking about the IT implications of different corporate strategies. When designing a business or functional operating model, Ashridge Executive Education recommends that the work starts with creating a 'value chain map'.〔http://ashridgeonoperatingmodels.com/2015/05/06/working-on-an-operating-model/〕 This is a way of laying out the work that needs to be done to deliver value to customers. It shows the different delivery chains and how they are linked together or need to be kept separate.〔http://ashridgeonoperatingmodels.com/2015/01/21/value-chain-maps-or-capability-maps/〕 The second step is to create an 'organization model' based on the value chain map. The organization model shows how the different value chains are structured into an organization and includes the support functions, such as Finance, HR and IT.〔https://www.ashridge.org.uk/getmedia/e9dbb283-5a04-4079-981a-bda9a4fa9ffa/AOD_Organisation-Charts.pdf〕 The value chain map and the organization model are the core diagrams of the operating model. Additional maps and charts are often needed. For example, an operating model will typically include an IT architecture, a locations map, a supplier matrix, a people model, a decision grid and other elements such as a performance management score sheet. The particular set of documents created will depend on what the operating model is being used for. There is no generally accepted set of charts or at least there is no agreement yet about what charts make up an operating model. ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operating model」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|